An early objective of adapting human cells to tissue culture back in the 1950's was to remake tissues and organ components after growing up an expanded population. But the cells would not comply, instead they just grew as monolayers on culture dishes. Later, some researchers suspended cells in a collagen matrix that was then solidified giving the appearance of a 3D culture. Even better, epithelial cells attach and layer onto collagen, giving the appearance of an additional stratified tissue layer. This became the standard model for NIH funded projects, even though this protocol and the ingredients of most culture media, was kept secret. This created profitable businesses for Mattek and tissue culture supply companies, such as Gibco/Thermo Fisher, who sold their businesses to Swedish and English companies, which protects them from U.S. intellectual property claims. Another stage in 3D organ development has been when stem cells were found to form a 3D sphere of cells when contained in a droplet of medium, known as spheroids or organoids. The NIH funded research institutes and companies as they rushed to patent stem cell lines that expressed any markers typical of differentiated organs. These companies have had difficulty in finding uses for their patented cells, especially because the FDA hasn't approved them in patients, yet government funding created financial and academic momentum for these researchers.  A recent round of NIH funded experimentation is growing out of the organoid effort where experimentation on embryonic stem cells targeting signal transduction pathways, and cytokine triggers of differentiation, is helping to map out the steps in gestation of embryos that occurs over many months in culture. In contrast, HOF Therapeutics CAP technology can use primary cells and/or stem cells in various combinations and has discovered a multi-step process that uncovers the signaling pathways required to assemble cells into complex structures with correct micro-physiology with some connection to wound healing, as occurs over days - not months. Because our method works with many cell combinations, we do not need to use patented cells. The NIH funded consortium of beneficiaries of proprietary 3D cell layering, patented cell lines, and secret cell media formulations has resisted funding CAP technology presumably because it requires disclosure of our technology that they did NOT fund, while refusing to disclose their assets developed using public tax funds. Dr. Hoeffler made a pivotal contribution in year 2000 with his scientific paper entitled "Spontaneous Cell Sorting of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes Creates an Organotypic Human Skin Equivalent", advancing the concept of triggering cells to migrate into correct position to recreate complex physiologies. He received a U.S. patent on the technology and founded the commercial operation Xgene. We experienced major blowback in the U.S., while labs in Holland and now England have worked successfully with similar systems. Our CAP method has broader applications and has many advantages over these other systems. Some companies rely on the dominant funded paradigm believing their in house efforts to find the combination of 'special stem cells' and proprietary commercial media will enable their 3D organ efforts, or even result in successful stem cell clinical trials. Work with HOF Therapeutics instead! We can advance your programs the most at a reasonable price and under terms where you retain your property rights.